Business William
How did William Randolph Hearst campaign against big businesses?
Could you please give me examples that I could research but most importantly give websites that say how Hearst tried to ruin businesses.
The Hearsts were ex-Missouri Democrats who struck it rich in the California gold rush. Actually, the founder of the family fortune, George Hearst, failed going after the gold but succeeded beyond anyones wildest expectations when the prize was silver. Hearst had been involved in lead mining in Missouri, and silver often is found alongside lead. Miners in the Nevada Comstock started out after gold and kept running into a blue clay which, as far as they were concerned, was just in the way. So, they angrily threw it out. George Hearst recognized it as extremely rich silver ore and started collecting it. The others thought he was crazy. But, he finally collected enough to take twenty mules full back to San Francisco, and for it, the mint traded him 80,000 silver dollars!
George Hearst won a newspaper, the San Francisco Examiner, in a card game in 1887. He personally had no use for it, but his only son, Willie, had just been thrown out of Harvard for sending one of his professors a chamber pot. So, George gave the newspaper to Willie to see what he could do with it.
In these days, William Randolph Hearst very much was taken with Democratic ideas, which included heavy flirtations with European socialism. At times, he campaigned, using his newspaper, for government ownership of railroads, utilities, heavy industry, and even the mines. In these early years, he often identified with the common workingman, and many of his newspaper innovations targeted these people. For example, he invented comics as an aid to teach the lower classes to read. And, his newspaper style tended toward this direction too. In that sense, this was a marriage of idealism and self-interest (if you're in the newspaper business, you need a market of readers).
Hearst had a romantic vision of life and tended to live as he wrote. His father had been a U.S. Senator, and Hearst also had political ambitions. He moved to New York City and opened the New York Journal, in competition with Pulitzer. Again, his target was the lower-class readership. And, whether he was campaigning in his papers against monopolistic excesses or Spanish oppression of Cuba, his tactics were similar. It was said he never let a fact get in the way of a good story. This explains his famous retort to Remington: "You furnish the pictures; I'll furnish the war!" Hearst had sent Remington to Cuba to photograph the revolution there; but, by the time Remington got there, the Spanish had locked all of the revolutionaries up, so Remington had nothing to do. Hearst's response was to have him go create the photographs. Hearst then used them to campaign against the Spanish.
Hearst was true to his talk: When the war he wanted finally came, after the sinking of the Maine by what Hearst called "an infernal Spanish machine!" he mounted his yacht and sailed to Cuba as a privateer armed with a letter of marque. He then captured a Spanish warship and took photographs of himself triumphing over his victory. All of this, of course, went back in his newspapers.
Hearst used similar tactics against anyone or anything which crossed his sense of social justice. His technique was almost always the same: Simplify and exaggerate His newspapers were full of "crime and bedclothes." When he would go after some business or political practice he did not like, these stories inevitably landed alongside reports about sex and murder. The activity then looked extra-sleazy. Because he had so many newspapers, he was able to milk the classic condemnation that "lies will get halfway round the world before truth gets out of the starting block." But, often Hearst didn't care. For him, it was always the "bigger picture" which counted. He viewed himself as a Crusader.
In some respect, Hearst's tactics were not all that new -- American newspapers have used exaggeration and hyperbole to advance editorial causes since at least the Revolutionary War. There really isn't that much difference between what Hearst did and what earlier editors did re, e.g., the "Boston Massacre." But, Hearst did this all on such a grand scale. And, in the early years, he had a continual second income deriving from his family's silver mines, so he always had plenty of money. He was journalism's Lone Ranger firing silver bullets (easy for him, because the silver was free).
A lot of this material is covered in Citizen Hearst, and though there are more recent biographies, this remains one of the best (and one of the most readable). Another one you should look at is Ben Proctor's William Randolph Hearst: The Early Years, 1863-1910.
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